Discover the perfect addition to your kitchen with a white airfryer. This innovative appliance offers a healthier alternative to traditional frying methods, allowing you to enjoy your favorite crispy dishes with less oil. With its sleek design and efficient cooking capabilities, the white airfryer is both practical and stylish.
From its ability to create deliciously golden fries to its versatility in preparing a wide range of meals, you’ll learn why this kitchen gadget is a must-have for any home cook. We’ll also provide tips on how to choose the right white airfryer for your needs and share some mouthwatering recipes that you can try.
Upgrade your culinary experience with a white airfryer and revolutionize the way you cook. Stay tuned for our upcoming posts where we delve deeper into this amazing kitchen appliance.
Exploring the Appeal of White Airfryers
Aesthetic Versatility in Kitchen Design
White airfryers have become increasingly popular due to their aesthetic versatility in kitchen design. The clean and sleek appearance of a white airfryer seamlessly blends with various kitchen styles and color schemes. Whether you have a modern, minimalist kitchen or a traditional, farmhouse-inspired space, a white airfryer can effortlessly complement the overall look and feel of your kitchen.
The neutral tone of white allows it to harmonize with different materials such as stainless steel appliances, marble countertops, or wooden cabinetry. It creates a sense of cohesion and elegance in the kitchen, making it an appealing choice for homeowners who value both functionality and aesthetics.
Furthermore, white airfryers can create an illusion of spaciousness in smaller kitchens. The light color reflects natural and artificial light sources, making the area appear brighter and more open. This can be particularly advantageous for those looking to maximize space utilization without compromising on style.
The Rising Popularity of Airfrying
Airfrying has gained immense popularity in recent years as people seek healthier alternatives to traditional deep-fried foods. With an increasing emphasis on wellness and conscious eating habits, many individuals are turning to airfrying as a way to enjoy their favorite fried dishes with significantly less oil.
White airfryers have played a significant role in this trend by offering consumers a visually appealing option that complements their health-conscious lifestyle. The clean aesthetic of white appliances aligns with the idea of freshness and purity associated with healthier cooking methods.
The rising popularity of airfrying can be attributed to its convenience factor. Airfryers allow users to prepare crispy foods quickly without the need for excessive oil or extensive cleanup afterward. This appeals to busy individuals who want to enjoy delicious meals without spending excessive time in the kitchen.
Health Benefits of Using an Airfryer
Using an airfryer offers several health benefits compared to traditional deep-frying methods. The primary advantage lies in the significant reduction of oil used during cooking. Airfrying requires only a fraction of the oil typically used for deep frying, resulting in significantly lower fat content in the final dish.
By reducing oil consumption, airfrying helps to decrease calorie intake and minimize the risk of weight gain and associated health issues. It also reduces the intake of unhealthy trans fats, which are commonly found in deep-fried foods.
Moreover, airfrying retains more nutrients in food compared to traditional frying methods. The hot air circulation within the airfryer ensures that food is cooked evenly and quickly, preserving vitamins and minerals that may be lost through prolonged exposure to high temperatures.
Types of White Airfryers Available
White airfryers come in various types to suit different cooking preferences and needs. Let’s explore the three main types of white airfryers available on the market.
Basket-Type Airfryers
Basket-type airfryers are the most common type you’ll find. These compact appliances feature a removable basket where you place your food for cooking. The hot air circulates around the food, creating a crispy texture without the need for excessive oil. Basket-type airfryers are perfect for cooking smaller portions or single servings of fries, chicken wings, or even vegetables.
One advantage of basket-type airfryers is their ease of use. They typically have user-friendly controls and pre-set cooking functions, making it simple to select the desired temperature and time settings. Many models come with dishwasher-safe parts, making cleanup a breeze.
However, one limitation of basket-type airfryers is their capacity. If you’re looking to cook larger quantities or bigger items like whole chickens or pizzas, you may find that these airfryers have limited space. It’s important to consider your cooking needs before opting for a basket-type white airfryer.
Oven-Style Airfryers
Oven-style airfryers combine the functionality of an air fryer with that of a traditional oven. These appliances often feature multiple racks or shelves, allowing you to cook larger quantities or different dishes simultaneously. With an oven-style white air fryer, you can easily prepare meals for your family or entertain guests with ease.
The versatility of oven-style air fryers extends beyond just frying; they can also bake, roast, grill, and toast your favorite foods. This makes them ideal for those who want more than just crispy fried foods from their appliance. You can experiment with various recipes and techniques while enjoying healthier versions of your favorite dishes.
One thing to consider with oven-style air fryers is their size. These appliances tend to be larger and take up more counter space compared to basket-type air fryers. If you have limited kitchen space, you may need to plan accordingly. Oven-style air fryers may come with a higher price tag due to their added features and capacity.
Multifunctional Airfryers
Multifunctional air fryers offer the ultimate versatility in the kitchen. These appliances combine the functions of an air fryer with additional cooking methods such as grilling, baking, roasting, steaming, and even dehydrating. With a multifunctional white air fryer, you can prepare a wide range of dishes without cluttering your countertop with multiple appliances.
The convenience of having multiple cooking options in one appliance is a significant advantage of multifunctional air fryers. Whether you want to make crispy fries or bake a cake, these versatile machines have got you covered. They often come with intuitive controls and pre-programmed settings for different cooking methods, making it easy for beginners and experienced cooks alike.
However, it’s important to note that multifunctional air fryers may have a steeper learning curve compared to other types. With more features and functions comes the need for familiarizing yourself with various settings and techniques. It’s worth considering if you’re willing to invest time in mastering all the capabilities these appliances offer.
Key Features to Consider
When shopping for a white airfryer, there are several key features to consider. These features can greatly impact your cooking experience and the versatility of the appliance. Let’s take a closer look at some important factors you should keep in mind before making your purchase.
Capacity and Size
The capacity and size of a white airfryer are crucial aspects to consider. The capacity determines how much food you can cook at once, while the size determines how much counter space it will occupy in your kitchen. If you have a large family or frequently entertain guests, opting for an airfryer with a larger capacity would be ideal. This way, you can cook more food in one go without having to do multiple batches. On the other hand, if you have limited counter space or live alone, a compact-sized airfryer may be more suitable.
Temperature Range and Control
Another important feature to consider is the temperature range and control of the white airfryer. Different recipes require different cooking temperatures, so having the ability to adjust the temperature accordingly is essential. Look for an airfryer that offers a wide temperature range, allowing you to cook various types of dishes with precision. Ensure that the airfryer provides easy-to-use temperature controls that allow you to set and adjust the desired cooking temperature effortlessly.
Preset Cooking Modes
Preset cooking modes are convenient features found in many modern white airfryers. These modes offer pre-programmed settings for specific types of dishes such as fries, chicken wings, fish, or even desserts. By selecting a preset mode, you can eliminate any guesswork involved in determining the appropriate time and temperature settings for different recipes. This makes cooking with an airfryer even more effortless and beginner-friendly.
In addition to these key features, there are other factors worth considering when choosing a white airfryer. These include:
- Ease of Cleaning: Look for an airfryer with removable and dishwasher-safe components, making the cleaning process hassle-free.
- Power and Wattage: Higher wattage airfryers tend to cook food faster and more efficiently.
- Safety Features: Consider airfryers that come with features like automatic shut-off or cool-touch handles to prevent accidents.
- Additional Accessories: Some airfryers come with extra accessories such as baking pans, grilling racks, or skewers, which can enhance your cooking options.
By taking into account these various features, you can select a white airfryer that best suits your needs and preferences. Whether you prioritize capacity, temperature control, preset cooking modes, or other factors, there is a wide range of options available in the market.
The Convenience Factor
Ease of Use
One of the key advantages of a white air fryer is its ease of use. Unlike traditional deep fryers, which require large amounts of oil and careful monitoring, air fryers offer a simpler cooking experience. With just a few buttons and settings, you can easily cook your favorite foods without the hassle.
The intuitive controls on a white air fryer make it easy for anyone to operate. Most models have clear and concise buttons for adjusting temperature, time, and cooking modes. Whether you’re frying chicken wings or baking cookies, the user-friendly interface ensures that you can achieve the desired results with minimal effort.
Cleaning and Maintenance
Another aspect that adds to the convenience factor of white air fryers is their easy cleaning and maintenance. Traditional deep fryers often leave behind greasy residue that can be difficult to remove. In contrast, air fryers use hot air circulation to cook food, resulting in less grease and mess.
White air fryers typically come with removable parts that are dishwasher safe, making cleanup a breeze. The non-stick coating on the frying basket further simplifies the cleaning process as food particles are less likely to stick. This means less time spent scrubbing and more time enjoying your delicious meals.
Digital vs. Manual Interfaces
One consideration is whether to opt for a digital or manual interface. Both options have their own set of advantages depending on personal preferences.
Digital interfaces provide precise control over temperature and cooking time through touchscreens or buttons. They often come with pre-programmed settings for popular dishes like fries or chicken nuggets, taking out any guesswork from the cooking process. Some digital models offer features like delay start timers or automatic shut-off functions for added convenience.
On the other hand, manual interfaces offer simplicity and reliability. These models typically have knobs or dials for adjusting temperature and time settings. While they may lack the advanced features of digital air fryers, they are straightforward to operate and require no learning curve.
Ultimately, the choice between a digital or manual interface comes down to personal preference and cooking needs. If you prefer precise control and convenience, a digital air fryer might be the best option for you. However, if simplicity and reliability are your priorities, a manual interface could be more suitable.
Nutritional Advantages of Airfrying
Fat Reduction in Cooking
Airfrying offers a significant advantage. Traditional frying methods often require the food to be submerged in oil, which can lead to high calorie and fat content. However, airfrying uses hot air circulation combined with a minimal amount of oil to achieve a crispy texture without excessive oil absorption.
By using just a tablespoon or less of oil, airfryers can produce foods that are significantly lower in fat compared to deep-fried alternatives. This reduction in fat intake can contribute to maintaining a healthier diet and managing weight. For example, by airfrying french fries instead of deep frying them, you can reduce the fat content by up to 75% while still enjoying the same delicious taste and texture.
Preserving Food Nutrients
Another nutritional advantage of airfrying is its ability to preserve the nutrients present in food. Traditional cooking methods like boiling or steaming can cause vitamins and minerals to leach out into the cooking liquid, resulting in nutrient loss. However, airfrying minimizes this nutrient loss by cooking food quickly at high temperatures.
The shorter cooking time and exposure to heat help retain more vitamins and minerals within the food itself. For instance, vegetables cooked through airfrying maintain their vibrant colors, crispness, and nutritional value better than when boiled or steamed. This preservation of nutrients ensures that you get maximum benefits from your meals.
Encouraging Healthier Eating Habits
Airfrying has gained popularity as a tool for encouraging healthier eating habits among individuals and families alike. By providing an alternative method for preparing favorite fried foods with reduced fat content, it allows people to enjoy guilt-free indulgences.
With an airfryer, you can prepare crispy chicken wings, onion rings, or even donuts without the need for excessive amounts of oil. This makes it easier to incorporate these treats into a balanced diet without compromising on taste. By making healthier versions of traditionally unhealthy foods, airfrying promotes moderation and allows individuals to satisfy their cravings while still maintaining a nutritious lifestyle.
Furthermore, airfrying can be an excellent way to introduce children to healthier eating habits. Kids often have a fondness for fried foods, but with airfrying, parents can provide them with the same flavors they love while reducing the fat content. This helps in establishing long-term healthy eating patterns from an early age.
Comparing White Airfryer Models
Performance and Efficiency
When comparing white airfryer models, one of the key factors to consider is their performance and efficiency. Different models may vary in terms of how well they cook food and how efficiently they use energy.
Airfryers with higher wattage tend to have faster cooking times, as they can generate more heat. This means that you can enjoy crispy, golden-brown results in less time. On the other hand, lower wattage models may take a bit longer to achieve the same level of crispiness.
It’s important to look for airfryers with adjustable temperature settings. This allows you to customize the cooking temperature based on the type of food you are preparing. Being able to control the temperature ensures that your food is cooked evenly and prevents overcooking or undercooking.
Some airfryer models also come with features like pre-set cooking programs or smart technology that automatically adjust the cooking time and temperature for specific dishes. These features can be convenient for those who want a hassle-free cooking experience.
Durability and Brand Reputation
Durability is another crucial aspect when comparing white airfryer models. You want an appliance that will last for years without any major issues. It’s essential to consider both the build quality of the airfryer itself and the reputation of the brand behind it.
Look for airfryers made from sturdy materials like stainless steel or high-quality plastic. These materials are durable and can withstand regular use without showing signs of wear and tear easily.
Brand reputation also plays a significant role in determining durability. Established brands often have a track record of producing reliable appliances that stand the test of time. Reading customer reviews and checking ratings can give you insights into how well a particular brand’s airfryers hold up over time.
Price Points and Value for Money
Price points are an important consideration when comparing white airfryer models. Airfryers can vary significantly in terms of price, and it’s essential to find one that offers good value for your money.
While high-end airfryers may come with advanced features and sleek designs, they can also be quite expensive. On the other hand, more affordable models may lack certain features but still deliver excellent cooking results.
Consider what features are essential to you and how often you plan on using the airfryer. If you’re an avid cook who will use the appliance frequently, investing in a higher-priced model with additional features may be worth it. However, if you’re looking for a budget-friendly option or plan on using the airfryer occasionally, a more affordable model can still provide satisfactory results.
It’s also worth noting that some brands offer warranties or extended guarantees on their airfryers. This can provide added peace of mind knowing that your investment is protected against any potential defects or issues.
User Reviews and Ratings
Satisfaction and Reliability
User reviews and ratings play a crucial role in determining the satisfaction and reliability of white air fryers. Many users have expressed their satisfaction with these appliances, highlighting their ability to cook food quickly and efficiently. The convenience of using an air fryer has been praised by numerous individuals who appreciate being able to prepare meals without the hassle of traditional frying methods.
Reliability is another aspect that users frequently mention in their reviews. White air fryers are often praised for their durability and long-lasting performance. Users have reported using these appliances regularly for extended periods without experiencing any significant issues or malfunctions. This reliability factor adds to the overall positive user experience, as it ensures that the investment in a white air fryer is worthwhile.
Common Critiques
While white air fryers generally receive positive reviews, there are some common critiques that users have mentioned. One common critique is the size limitations of these appliances. Some users find that the capacity of certain models is not sufficient for cooking larger quantities of food at once. This can be a drawback for individuals who frequently entertain guests or have large families.
Another critique revolves around the learning curve associated with using an air fryer effectively. As with any new appliance, there may be a slight learning curveTemperatures, and techniques specific to air frying. Some users have reported initial difficulties in achieving desired results but were able to overcome them with practice.
Noise levels during operation have been highlighted as a concern by some users. While white air fryers are generally quieter than traditional deep-frying methods, they do emit some noise due to the fan circulating hot air within the appliance. However, this noise level is typically considered tolerable by most users.
Best Practices from Experienced Users
Experienced users of white air fryers often share valuable insights into maximizing the potential of these appliances. One best practice recommended by many is to preheat the air fryer before adding food. Preheating helps ensure even cooking and can enhance the crispiness of the final result.
Another tip shared by experienced users is to avoid overcrowding the cooking basket. It is important to leave enough space for hot air to circulate around the food, promoting even cooking and crispy textures. Overcrowding can lead to unevenly cooked or soggy results.
Furthermore, some users suggest flipping or shaking the food halfway through the cooking process. This technique helps achieve evenly browned and crispy outcomes, especially when preparing items like French fries or chicken wings.
Cleaning and maintenance are also important aspects highlighted by experienced users. Regularly cleaning the removable parts of the air fryer, such as the cooking basket and tray, ensures optimal performance and longevity. Following manufacturer instructions for proper care and maintenance can help prevent any potential issues.
Accessorizing Your White Airfryer
Accessorizing is key. With a few essential add-ons and attachments, complementary kitchen gadgets, and creative recipe ideas, you can take your airfrying experience to new heights.
Essential Add-ons and Attachments
To enhance the functionality of your white airfryer, there are several essential add-ons and attachments worth considering. One popular option is a grill pan or grill rack, which allows you to achieve those perfect grill marks on your favorite meats and vegetables. It’s a great way to add some variety to your airfried dishes.
Another useful accessory is a baking dish or cake pan. This attachment opens up a whole new world of possibilities for baking in your airfryer. From cookies and brownies to cakes and bread, you can indulge in homemade baked goods without turning on the oven.
For those who love experimenting with different flavors, a set of silicone muffin cups or cooking molds can be a game-changer. These versatile accessories allow you to create individual portions of quiches, cupcakes, or even egg bites with ease.
Complementary Kitchen Gadgets
In addition to specific add-ons for your white airfryer, there are also complementary kitchen gadgets that can elevate your cooking experience. One such gadget is a mandoline slicer. This handy tool makes slicing fruits and vegetables a breeze while ensuring consistent thickness for even cooking in the airfryer.
A digital food thermometer is another valuable tool that every home cook should have in their arsenal. It helps ensure that meat is cooked to perfection by providing accurate temperature readings. With this gadget by your side, you’ll never have to worry about undercooking or overcooking your favorite cuts of meat again.
If you’re looking for an easy way to infuse flavors into your dishes, consider investing in a set of herb and spice grinders. These compact gadgets allow you to grind fresh herbs and spices right before adding them to your airfried creations, maximizing their aromatic qualities for a burst of flavor.
Creative Recipe Ideas for Airfrying
Now that you have the essential add-ons and complementary kitchen gadgets, it’s time to explore some creative recipe ideas for your white airfryer. Let’s dive into a few mouthwatering options:
- Crispy Chicken Wings: Toss your favorite chicken wings in a seasoned flour mixture, then airfry until they’re golden brown and crispy. Serve with your choice of dipping sauce for an irresistible appetizer or main course.
- Veggie Fritters: Grate zucchini, carrots, and onions, mix them with beaten eggs and flour, then airfry spoonfuls of the mixture until they’re golden on the outside and tender on the inside. These fritters make a delicious side dish or vegetarian entree.
- Stuffed Mushrooms: Remove the stems from large mushrooms and fill them with a mixture of cream cheese, garlic, herbs, and breadcrumbs. Airfry until the mushrooms are tender and the filling is golden brown for an elegant appetizer or party snack.
- Sweet Potato Fries: Cut sweet potatoes into thin strips, toss them in olive oil and seasonings, then airfry until they’re crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. These healthier alternatives to traditional fries are sure to be a hit with everyone.
- Mini Apple Pies: Roll out store-bought pie dough into small circles, fill each one with diced apples mixed with cinnamon sugar, fold over into half-moons, seal the edges with water or egg wash, then airfry until golden brown. Serve these adorable mini apple pies warm with a scoop of vanilla ice cream.
With these creative recipe ideas at your fingertips, you can unleash the full potential of your white airfryer and impress your family and friends with a wide array of delicious dishes.
The Environmental Impact of Airfrying
Energy Efficiency Considerations
Airfrying has gained popularity not just for its ability to cook delicious and crispy food, but also for its energy efficiency. Unlike traditional deep frying methods that require large amounts of oil and consume significant energy, airfryers use a fraction of the energy. This is because they rely on hot air circulation to cook the food instead of submerging it in oil. By using less energy, airfrying helps reduce our carbon footprint and contributes to a greener environment.
Sustainability and Appliance Lifespan
When considering the environmental impact of any appliance, including white airfryers, it is essential to evaluate their sustainability and lifespan. White airfryers are typically made with durable materials such as stainless steel or high-quality plastic, which can withstand regular use over an extended period. This longevity reduces the need for frequent replacements, ultimately reducing waste generation. Many manufacturers design their airfryers to be easily repairable, allowing users to fix minor issues rather than replacing the entire appliance.
Eco-friendly Cooking Practices
In addition to being energy-efficient and sustainable appliances themselves, airfryers also promote eco-friendly cooking practices. One notable aspect is their ability to significantly reduce oil consumption compared to traditional frying methods. Airfrying requires only a minimal amount of oil or sometimes no oil at all while still achieving similar results in terms of taste and texture. This reduction in oil usage not only leads to healthier meals but also minimizes the negative environmental impacts associated with excessive oil production.
Moreover, airfrying produces less waste compared to conventional frying methods. When deep frying food, excess oil often needs proper disposal after each use due to contamination from food particles or degradation over time. With airfrying, there is no need for vast quantities of oil that require disposal after every cooking session. This reduces both waste generation and potential harm to the environment.
Another eco-friendly aspect of airfrying is its shorter cooking time. Airfryers utilize rapid hot air circulation, which significantly reduces the cooking time compared to traditional methods. This not only saves energy but also minimizes the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. By reducing overall cooking time, airfrying contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way of preparing meals.
Furthermore, the versatility of white airfryers promotes a reduction in kitchen appliance clutter. With an airfryer, one can cook various types of food using different cooking techniques such as frying, baking, grilling, and roasting. This eliminates the need for multiple appliances that consume additional energy and resources. Consolidating several functions into one appliance helps simplify our daily routines while minimizing our ecological footprint.
Making the Purchase Decision
Where to Buy a White Airfryer
There are several options available. One popular choice is to buy from online retailers such as Amazon, Walmart, or Best Buy. These platforms offer a wide range of brands and models to choose from, allowing you to compare prices and read customer reviews before making your decision. Online shopping provides the convenience of having the airfryer delivered right to your doorstep.
If you prefer a more hands-on approach, you can also visit physical stores like Target or Bed Bath & Beyond. This allows you to see the airfryers in person and get a feel for their size and features before making your purchase. In-store shopping also gives you the opportunity to ask questions and seek advice from knowledgeable sales associates who can help guide you towards the best white airfryer for your needs.
Warranty and Customer Support Options
When investing in a white airfryer, it’s important to consider warranty and customer support options. Look for brands that offer a warranty period that aligns with your expectations. A warranty provides peace of mind knowing that if anything goes wrong with your airfryer within the specified time frame, you will be covered for repairs or replacements.
In addition to warranty coverage, it’s beneficial to research the brand’s customer support reputation. Check if they have responsive customer service channels such as phone or email support. Reading customer reviews can provide insights into how well a brand handles inquiries or issues raised by customers.
The Future of Airfrying Technology
Airfrying technology has come a long way since its inception and continues to evolve rapidly. As technology advances, we can expect even more innovative features and improvements in future airfryers.
One area where we may see advancements is in smart capabilities. Imagine being able to control your white airfryer through a smartphone app or voice commands. Smart airfryers could provide personalized cooking recommendations, monitor food progress, and even suggest recipes based on your preferences.
Another potential area of development is in energy efficiency. Manufacturers may focus on creating airfryers that consume less electricity while still delivering excellent cooking results. This would not only save energy but also reduce operating costs for users.
Furthermore, we might see advancements in the design and functionality of airfryers. Companies may introduce new features such as multiple cooking compartments, larger capacities, or improved heat distribution systems for more even cooking.
Conclusion
In conclusion, white airfryers offer a range of benefits that make them an appealing choice for those looking to upgrade their kitchen appliances. This article has explored the various types of white airfryers available, highlighted key features to consider, and discussed the convenience factor and nutritional advantages of airfrying. It has also delved into comparing different white airfryer models, considering user reviews and ratings, accessorizing options, and even the environmental impact of airfrying.
By providing a comprehensive overview of these topics, this article aims to empower readers with the knowledge they need to make an informed purchase decision. Whether it’s for healthier cooking, time-saving convenience, or simply adding a stylish appliance to their kitchen, white airfryers offer a versatile solution. To further explore the world of airfrying or find the perfect white airfryer for your needs, continue researching reputable brands and models, read customer reviews, and consider consulting with experts in the field. Upgrade your cooking experience today with a white airfryer!
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the advantages of white airfryers?
White airfryers offer a sleek and modern aesthetic that can complement any kitchen decor. They also provide the same benefits as other airfryers, such as healthier cooking with less oil, faster cooking times, and easy cleanup.
Are there different types of white airfryers available?
Yes, there are various types of white airfryers available in the market. You can find compact models suitable for small kitchens or larger capacity models for bigger families. Some even come with additional features like touchscreen controls or preset cooking programs.
What key features should I consider when choosing a white airfryer?
When selecting a white airfryer, consider factors such as capacity, wattage for efficient cooking, temperature control options, preset programs for convenience, ease of cleaning with dishwasher-safe parts, and safety features like automatic shut-off.
How does airfrying offer nutritional advantages?
Airfrying allows you to enjoy crispy and delicious food with significantly less oil compared to traditional frying methods. This means you can reduce your calorie intake while still enjoying your favorite fried dishes. Airfried food also retains more nutrients compared to deep-fried alternatives.
How do user reviews and ratings help in choosing a white airfryer?
User reviews and ratings provide valuable insights into the performance, durability, ease of use, and overall satisfaction of a specific white airfryer model. Reading these reviews can help you make an informed decision based on real-life experiences shared by other users.
